Why a Pen is a Pen-According to Aristotle essays

Why a Pen is a Pen-According to Aristotle essays Why the Pen in Your Hand is a Pen Aristotle would agree that the pen in your hand is a pen. According to Aristotle everything is either a substance or an attribute, the pen in your hand is a substance. All substances consist of 2 Ontological moments, matter and form. An object must have matter and form to be accepted as a substance. A substances matter is what it is made of and the form is what makes the substance what it is, both of are needed to make the pen a pen. The matter of the pen is the ink, the plastic, and the ballpoint. The form of the pen is the penness. However, matter and form are not the only essentials Aristotle would use to support the fact that the pen in your hand is a pen. Aristotle Causes would also be used to verify the pens existence. These causes lead to the purpose of a substance. The first cause is known as the Material Cause, which deals with the matter of the substance. The Material Cause of the pen is ink, the plastic, and the ballpoint. The second cause is known as the Formal Cause, which deals with the form of the substance. The Formal Cause of the pen is penness. Both of these Causes make up the third Cause, which is known as the Efficient Cause. The Efficient Cause is the principle of motion or change. The person or machine that produced the pen Source: Looking at Philosophy (3rd Edition) by Donald Palmer (McGraw Hill, 2001) would be the Efficient Cause of the pen. The last Cause is called the Final Cause, this Cause deals with the purpose of a substance. The Final Cause of the pen is to be used for writing. These four causes along with the Ontological moments of a substance help lead to the conclusion that the pen in your hand is a pen. In conclusion the pen in your hand is a pen because it contains matter and form along with the essential causes that lead to its final purpose. ...

Russian Revolution Timeline

Russian Revolution Timeline The Russian Revolution of 1917 deposed the czar and installed the Bolsheviks in power. After winning the civil war in Russia, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet Union in 1922. Timelines of the Russian Revolution are often confusing because up until February 1918 Russia used a different calendar than the rest of the Western world. The 19th century, the Julian calendar, used by Russia, was 12 days behind the Gregorian calendar (used by most of the Western world) until March 1, 1900, when it became 13 days behind. In this timeline, the dates are in the Julian Old Style, with the Gregorian New Style (NS) date in parentheses, until the change in 1918. Thereafter, all dates are in the Gregorian. Timeline of the Russian Revolution 1887 May 8 (May 20 NS) - Lenins brother, Alexander Ulyanov, is hanged for plotting to kill Czar Alexander III. 1894 October 20 (November 1 NS) - Czar Alexander III dies after a sudden illness and his son, Nicholas II, becomes the ruler of Russia.November 14 (November 26 NS) - Czar Nicholas II marries Alexandra Fedorovna. 1895 December 8 (December 20 NS) - Lenin is arrested, kept in solitary confinement for 13 months, and then exiled to Siberia for three years. 1896 May 14 (May 26 NS) - Nicholas II crowned czar of Russia. Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images 1903 July 17 - August 10 (July 30 - August 23 NS) - The Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) meeting in which the Party splits into two factions: Mensheviks (minority) and Bolsheviks (majority). 1904 July 30 (August 12 NS) - After having four girls, Czarina Alexandra gives birth to a son, Alexei. 1905 January 9 (January 22 NS) - Bloody Sunday in St. Petersburg begins the 1905 Russian Revolution.October 17 (October 30 NS) - The October Manifesto, issued by Czar Nicholas II, brings an end to the 1905 Russian Revolution by promising civil liberties and an elected parliament (Duma). 1906 April 23 (May 6 NS) - A constitution (the Fundamental Laws of 1906) is created, reflecting the promises made in the October Manifesto. 1914 July 15 (July 28 NS) - World War I begins. 1915 September 5 (September 18 NS) - Czar Nicholas II assumes supreme command of the Russian Army. 1916 December 17 (December 30) - Rasputin is murdered. 1917 February 23-27 (March 8-12 NS) - The February Revolution begins with strikes, demonstrations, and mutinies in Petrograd (also called the March Revolution if following the Gregorian calendar).March 2 (March 15 NS) - Czar Nicholas II abdicates and includes his son. The following day, Nicholas brother, Mikhail announced his refusal to accept the throne. Provisional Government formed.April 3 (April 16 NS) - Lenin returns from exile and arrives in Petrograd via a sealed train.July 3-7 (July 16-20 NS) - The July Days begin in Petrograd with spontaneous protests against the Provisional Government; after the Bolsheviks unsuccessfully try to direct these protests into a coup, Lenin is forced into hiding.July 11 (July 24 NS) - Alexander Kerensky becomes Prime Minister of the Provisional Government.August 22-27 (September 4-9 NS) - The Kornilov Affair, a failed coup by General Lavr Kornilov, commander of the Russian Army.October 25 (November 7 NS) - The October Revolution - the Bolsheviks take over Petrograd (also called the November Revolution if following the Gregorian calendar). October 26 (November 8 NS) - The Winter Palace, the last holdout of the Provisional Government, is taken by the Bolsheviks; the Council of Peoples Commissars (abbreviated as Sovnarkom), led by Lenin, is now in control of Russia. 1918 February 1/14 - The new Bolshevik government converts Russia from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar turning February 1 into February 14.March 3 - The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, between Germany and Russia, is signed and takes Russia out of World War I.March 8 - The Bolshevik Party changes its name to the Communist Party.March 11 - The capital of Russia is changed from St. Petersburg to Moscow.June - Russian civil war begins.July 17 - Czar Nicholas II and his family are executed.August 30 - An assassination attempt leaves Lenin seriously wounded. Heritage Images / Getty Images 1920 November - Russian civil war ends. 1922 April 3 - Stalin is appointed General Secretary.May 26 - Lenin suffers his first stroke.December 15 - Lenin suffers his second stroke and retires from politics.December 30 - The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) established. 1924 January 21 - Lenin dies; Stalin will become his successor. Laski Diffusion / Getty Images